Alkanes & Crude Oil quiz

1. Explain how crude oil is separated into fractions

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature rises. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Larger molecules condense high up in the tower. Smaller molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature falls. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Larger molecules condense high up in the tower. Smaller molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature rises. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Smaller molecules condense high up in the tower. Larger molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature falls. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Smaller molecules condense high up in the tower. Larger molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Question 1 of 22

2. What is a fuel?

A fuel is a liquid used in electrolysis

A fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy

A fuel is a substance that contains chemical energy

A fuel is a substance that is used to power vehicles

Question 2 of 22

3. What is crude oil?

A mixture of hydrocarbons

A mixture of alkanes

A mixture of alcohols

An oily liquid

Question 3 of 22

4. In car engines, sparks cause the formation of some gases which contribute to acid rain. What are these gases?

oxides of sulfur

refinery gases

carbon monoxide

Oxides of nitrogen

Question 4 of 22

5. Recall a use of gasoline

Fuel for lorries

Cooking

Fuel for aeroplanes

Fuel for cars

Question 5 of 22

6. Why is the melting point of a smaller molecule lower than that of a larger molecule?

Larger molecules have more attractions between them. These take less energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have fewer attractions between them. These take more energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have fewer attractions between them. These take less energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have more attractions between them. These take more energy to overcome.

Question 6 of 22

7. Recall all the possible products of the incomplete combustion of alkanes

Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water

Hydrogen, carbon monoxide and water

Carbon dioxide and water

Carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water

Question 7 of 22

8. Explain the term hydrocarbon

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that is in a homologous series

A hydrocarbon is a molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon

A hydrocarbon is an organic molecule

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that comes from crude oil

Question 8 of 22

9. Explain the term saturated

A molecule that will not react with anything

A molecule that is usually a solid at room temperature

A molecule containing only single bonds

A molecule that is poisonous

Question 9 of 22

10. A student names this molecule 2-ethylpentane. Which of these statements is true about the student's naming of the molecule?

The student is wrong. The correct name is 1-methyl-1-ethylbutane.

The student is wrong. The correct name is 4-methylhexane.

The student is correct and deserves a tuck-shop voucher.

The student is wrong. The correct name is 3-methylhexane.

Question 10 of 22

11. What is the molecular formula for ethane?

C₂H₄

C₂H₆

C₃H₈

C₄H₈

Question 11 of 22

12. How does sulfur dioxide form in car engines?

When the petrol combusts the sulfur dioxide impurities are left behind

Petrol includes the impurity sulfur, and when the petrol combusts some sulfur dioxide is formed

The metals the car is made from contain some impurities of sulfur and when the engine heats up, some sulfur dioxide is formed

Acid rain causes some sulfur impurities to get into the car engine, and when the petrol combusts some sulfur dioxide is formed

Question 12 of 22

13. Name this molecule

1,1 dimethylpentane

heptane

hex-2-ene

2-methylhexane

Question 13 of 22

14. State the problem associated with sulfur dioxide in the atomosphere?

The sulfur dioxide combines with water in the atmosphere to form acidic solutions (acid rain)

The sulfur dioxide causes increased levels of radicals in the atmosphere leading to the destruction of the ozone layer

The sulfur dioxide is poisonous because it reduces the blood\'s capacity to carry oxygen

The sulfur dioxide can react with nitrous oxides to form acidic particulates

Question 14 of 22

15. State the general formula of alkanes

CₙHₙ₊₁

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

CₙH₂ₙ

C₂ₙH₂ₙ₊₂

Question 15 of 22

16. Explain why carbon monoxide is dangerous to humans

It is poisonous because it poisons the bloodstream

It is poisonous because it blocks blood flow

It is poisonous because it blocks surfaces for gas exchange

It is poisonous because it reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen

Question 16 of 22

17. A pupil has tried to write down various ways of representing butane using: molecular formula, displayed formula, general formula, empirical formula and stuctural formula. However she has missed one out. Which one?

molecular formula

general formula

empirical formula

structural formula

Question 17 of 22

18. Explain the term isomerism

Compounds with the same empirical formula but different molecular formulas

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with a different structure

Solutions with the same ratio of ions but different concentrations

Question 18 of 22

19. Why is carbon dioxide, CO₂ harmful to the environment?

It is acidic and can change the pH of fresh and salt water when dissolved

It competes with oxygen for uptake in plants preventing them from photosynthesising

It is very slightly coloured and blocks sunlight in the atmosphere if too much builds up

It is a greenhouse gas and may contribute to global warming

Question 19 of 22

20. Explain why methane gas, CH₄, is a gas at room temperature

Methane has a giant covalent structure with many strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to overcome

Methane has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that require little energy to overcome

Methane has a simple molecular structure with strong intermolecular forces that require a lot of energy to overcome

Methane has a giant covalent structure with many weak covalent bonds which require little energy to overcome

Question 20 of 22

21. Describe the trend in viscosity of the main fractions in crude oil

Viscosity increases as boiling point decreases

Viscosity increases as the number of carbon atoms (chain length) decreases

Viscosity increases as boiling point increases

Viscosity increases as the number of carbon atoms (chain length) increases

Question 21 of 22

22. Balance the equation for the reaction: ___ HCl(aq) + ___ MnO₂(s) → ___MnCl₂(aq) + ___H₂O(l) + ___ Cl₂(g)

4 HCl(aq) + 2 MnO₂(s) → 2 MnCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g)

6 HCl(aq) + MnO₂(s) → MnCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + 2 Cl₂(g)

2 HCl(aq) + MnO₂(s) → MnCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g)

4 HCl(aq) + MnO₂(s) → MnCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g)

Question 22 of 22

Alkanes & Crude Oil quiz

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